Historic Berlin, Maryland
Nestled a mere seven miles inland from the bustling resort town of Ocean City, Maryland, lies a charming and historic enclave: Historic Berlin, Maryland. While its official incorporation as a town didn’t occur until 1868, the narrative of Historic Berlin, Maryland stretches back considerably further, weaving a rich tapestry of colonial beginnings, agricultural prosperity, devastating fires, and ultimately, a triumphant preservation of its unique architectural heritage. This article delves into the captivating story of this Eastern Shore gem.
The roots of Historic Berlin, Maryland can be traced to the Burleigh Plantation, a substantial 300-acre land grant bestowed in 1677. This vast tract served as the foundational landscape upon which the town would eventually flourish. Education arrived relatively early, with the establishment of Buckingham Academy in 1765. This boys’ boarding school, founded by Reverend Charles Tennent, marked an important step in the cultural and intellectual development of the area. The nascent town began to coalesce in the late 18th century around a humble, yet vital, establishment: a livery stable and coach stop situated on the Burleigh Plantation. This location, strategically positioned, served as a convenient resting point for travelers and a hub for commerce.
The name "Berlin," pronounced "Bur-len," is widely believed to have originated from "Burleigh Inn," a tavern that stood at the crossroads of the Philadelphia Post Road (now South Main Street) and Sinepuxent Road (currently Tripoli Street). This inn, a focal point of activity, likely lent its name to the burgeoning community. Interestingly, the town’s Main Street follows a path of ancient origins. It was initially a trail connecting the Assateague Indians with the neighboring Pocomoke tribe. Over time, this indigenous pathway evolved into the Philadelphia Post Road, a vital artery for travel and trade connecting the region to the centers of commerce to the north and west. This road facilitated the movement of goods, people, and ideas, playing a crucial role in the growth of the area.
The arrival of the railroad in the 1870s ushered in a new era of prosperity for Historic Berlin, Maryland. The town transformed into a bustling marketplace for agricultural products, facilitating the efficient transport of local harvests to wider markets. Moreover, it became a convenient rest stop for rail passengers journeying to the increasingly popular tourist destination of Ocean City. The town thrived, supported by several successful industries. The Berlin Milling Company played a key role in processing local grains. Phillips Cannery contributed significantly to the region’s agricultural output, and Harrison Nurseries helped establish a green and vibrant landscape.
Despite its successes, Historic Berlin, Maryland endured a series of devastating setbacks. Three significant fires, in 1895, 1902, and 1904, ravaged the town, causing widespread damage and economic hardship. However, the resilient spirit of the community prevailed. Remarkably, despite these destructive events, the historical areas of the town still showcase nearly two centuries of architectural heritage. This enduring legacy is a testament to the craftsmanship of past generations and the commitment of the community to preserve its unique identity.
A significant number of structures, forty-seven in total, are proudly listed on the National Register of Historic Places, underscoring the historical significance of Historic Berlin, Maryland. Within the Berlin Commercial District, an impressive 33% of the buildings dating back to around 1900 remain in their original or near-original condition. This remarkable preservation offers a tangible link to the past, allowing visitors to step back in time and experience the ambiance of a bygone era. The historic structures represent three distinct architectural periods: Federal, Victorian, and 20th Century. The town center is characterized primarily by brick structures, adding to its distinctive character.
Several specific buildings stand out as particularly noteworthy examples of the town’s architectural heritage. Burley Manor and Burley Cottage are prominent landmarks. "Robins Nest" adds to the charm of the town. The Chandler House stands as a testament to the architectural styles of its time. St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, with its origins dating back to 1825, represents the enduring presence of faith and community in the town’s history. These buildings contribute to the overall character and historical significance of Historic Berlin, Maryland.
In recent years, Historic Berlin, Maryland has experienced a resurgence in popularity as a tourist destination. Visitors are drawn to the area for its proximity to the hunting and fishing opportunities of the Eastern Shore, as well as its convenient location for those traveling to Ocean City. The town actively promotes itself as a shining example of civic engagement, highlighting the collaborative efforts of its citizens in renovating the town center as part of their historic preservation initiatives.
Today, the historic commercial district is a vibrant and inviting space, featuring tree-lined streets, art galleries showcasing local talent, antique shops offering unique treasures, the meticulously restored Atlantic Hotel providing luxurious accommodations, and the historic Globe Theater, a century-old landmark now serving as a popular restaurant. These establishments contribute to the town’s lively atmosphere and provide visitors with a diverse range of experiences.
Beyond its architectural and cultural attractions, Historic Berlin, Maryland boasts a notable connection to American history. It is the birthplace of Stephen Decatur, a 19th-century naval hero who achieved the rank of captain at a younger age than any other individual in the history of the United States Navy. Decatur is also recognized as the first post-Revolutionary War hero, adding to the town’s historical significance. Furthermore, Berlin has served as a backdrop for major motion pictures. The town was transformed into the fictional town of Hale in the 1998 film "Runaway Bride," starring Richard Gere and Julia Roberts, and it was reimagined as the fictional town of "Treegap" in the 2001 film "Tuck Everlasting," featuring Sissy Spacek, Ben Kingsley, and William Hurt. For the latter film, the downtown area was transformed to resemble the turn of the 20th century, complete with dirt roads, horses, and carriages.
As of the 2020 census, the population of Berlin stood at 5,026, reflecting the town’s continued growth and vitality.
Also See:
- Maryland – The Old Line State (main page)
- Settling America – The Propriety Colonies (by David Saville Muzzey, 1920)
- American History (main page)
- Maryland Photo Print Galleries
Sources:
- Town of Berlin, Maryland
- Berlin Main Street
- Department of Planning, Maryland Historical Trust