Old Time Stage Drivers of the West Coast
In the annals of the American West, a certain figure stands out amidst the gold rushes, the burgeoning towns, and the untamed landscapes: the old time stage drivers of the West Coast. These were not merely transporters of people and goods; they were icons of their era, masters of their domain, and figures of respect and admiration. This article delves into the lives and legends of these men, drawing upon historical accounts and anecdotes to paint a vivid picture of their world.
The era of the stagecoach, particularly during the 1850s and 1860s, was a time when the old time stage drivers of the West Coast held a unique position in society. They were the connecting thread between isolated communities, navigating treacherous mountain passes and unforgiving deserts. Their skill in handling a six-horse team was legendary, and their knowledge of the terrain was unparalleled. More often than not, they were held in higher regard than the wealthy patrons or politicians they carried within their coaches.
These men, often hailing from eastern states such as New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Missouri, New Hampshire, and Maine, brought a blend of ruggedness and refinement to their profession. Many were well-educated, possessing a command of language and a grasp of current events that allowed them to engage in intelligent conversation with their passengers. They were, in essence, ambassadors of culture and news, carrying stories and ideas along with their human cargo.
The persona of the old time stage drivers of the West Coast was a complex one. While they were often described as "hail fellow well met," they were also the undisputed authorities on the road. Their orders were obeyed without question, and they were greeted with respect by all, from humble hostlers to influential figures. Their attire reflected their status: finely tailored clothes, well-fitted boots and gauntlets, and distinctive cream-white hats. These were men who took pride in their appearance and carried themselves with an air of authority.
The relationship between the old time stage drivers of the West Coast and the communities they served was one of mutual respect and admiration. They were often privy to the lives and secrets of the people along their routes, and they were known for their discretion and loyalty. While they might address the women along their routes by their first names, they maintained a professional demeanor, earning the trust and affection of the communities they served. Gifts of hats, gloves, and cigars were far more common than small coins, reflecting the esteem in which they were held.
Among the many colorful figures who plied their trade as old time stage drivers of the West Coast, certain individuals rose to legendary status. "Alfred" (George Monroe), a mulatto driver who ran the route between Wawona and Yosemite Valley, was perhaps one of the most celebrated. Over the years, he transported a remarkable array of dignitaries, including presidents Grant, Garfield, and Hayes, as well as prominent journalists, artists, and even European royalty. His impeccable safety record, punctuality, and encyclopedic knowledge of the Yosemite landscape made him a legend in his own time.
Alfred’s meticulous attention to detail extended beyond his driving skills. He was known for his immaculate attire, particularly his pristine white gauntlets, and his reserved demeanor. While he might remain silent for much of the journey, he was always attentive to the needs and conversations of his passengers. He possessed a keen awareness of the historical significance of his work, understanding that he was not simply driving a stagecoach, but carrying a piece of history into the heart of Yosemite.
Another memorable character was "Cherokee Bill," a burly Buckeye from the Western Reserve who drove a four-horse mud wagon between Quincy and Oroville. Unlike the polished Alfred, Bill was a rougher sort, known for his morose demeanor and unconventional attire. However, his story reveals the diverse backgrounds and personalities of the old time stage drivers of the West Coast. An anecdote recounts a harrowing journey with Cherokee Bill during a violent Sierra storm, where his gruff exterior masked a deep-seated grief over the loss of his unbaptized son.
"Baldy" Green, a handsome and imposing figure, was a popular driver on the Virginia City, Nevada to Austin route. He was known for his speed and skill, once transporting Ben Holladay and Horace Greeley 185 miles in just 17 hours. Baldy was also a connoisseur of whiskey punch and a favorite among the local celebrities, who showered him with gifts of whips, canes, and gloves. His reminiscences about the famous individuals he transported, from Artemas Ward to Horace Greeley, provide a fascinating glimpse into the social life of the era.
Billy Hamilton, a short, stout, and jolly driver, was a seasoned veteran of the stagecoach business, owning lines in Oregon, Nevada, and California. He was known for his generosity and good humor, and he was considered one of the most delightful whips in the world. Despite experiencing financial setbacks, Billy’s resilience and the support of friends like Leland Stanford and Charles Crocker allowed him to maintain a comfortable life, dividing his time between his ranch in Kern County and the Palace Hotel in San Francisco.
Buffalo Jim, another Yosemite driver, had a less glamorous, though equally memorable, experience. One particular trip involved a runaway team, requiring him to relinquish the reins to a passenger to avert disaster. While Jim’s driving skills may have been questionable on that occasion, his story serves as a reminder of the risks and challenges faced by the old time stage drivers of the West Coast.
Hill Beechey, a successful stagecoach owner and driver, distinguished himself not only for his transportation services but also for his role in capturing the murderers of Lloyd Magruder and his companions. His story highlights the dangers of the Wild West and the courage and resourcefulness of those who sought to bring law and order to the frontier.
"Mr. Church," a beloved driver who for nearly 30 years drove the route from Truckee to Lake Tahoe, was known for his reliability, temperance, and gentle demeanor. His daily journey along the scenic Truckee River became a cherished experience for countless passengers, including President and Mrs. Hayes. Mr. Church’s story embodies the dedication and professionalism of the old time stage drivers of the West Coast.
Hank Monk, perhaps the most notorious of all the old time stage drivers of the West Coast, achieved fame for his wild ride with Horace Greeley across the Sierra Nevada Mountains. While some questioned his driving skills, there was no denying his ability to deliver his passengers "on time," even if it meant subjecting them to a harrowing experience. The story of Hank Monk and Horace Greeley has become a legendary tale of the American West, a testament to the grit and determination of the old time stage drivers of the West Coast.
Clark Foss, a towering figure who drove the route from Calistoga to the Geysers, was known for his recklessness and disregard for safety. However, after a series of accidents and injuries, he reformed his ways and built a safer road. His story illustrates the evolution of the stagecoach industry and the growing awareness of safety concerns.
Charlie Foss, Clark’s son, inherited his father’s driving skills but tempered them with a commitment to safety and courtesy. He became known as one of the finest drivers in the region, providing passengers with a smooth and enjoyable journey through the picturesque Coast Mountains.
Finally, Buck Jones, an old-timer who drove in Sierra and Yuba Counties, entertained his passengers with stories of the early days of the Gold Rush. His anecdotes provided a glimpse into the rough-and-tumble world of the mining camps and the colorful characters who populated them.
The old time stage drivers of the West Coast were more than just drivers; they were storytellers, guides, and guardians of the frontier. Their lives were filled with adventure, danger, and camaraderie. Their stories, passed down through generations, continue to capture the imagination and remind us of a bygone era when the stagecoach was the lifeline of the American West. Their legacy as skilled navigators, reliable connectors, and colorful personalities remains an integral part of the West Coast’s rich history.