Chatham, Illinois – Small Town Charm in a Springfield Burb
Nestled approximately nine miles south of the bustling city of Springfield, Illinois, lies the charming village of Chatham. This burgeoning community, home to around 10,000 residents, has distinguished itself as one of the fastest-growing areas in the central Illinois region. Its story is one woven with threads of agricultural prosperity, pioneering spirit, and a touch of historical significance, making it a compelling destination for those seeking a blend of tranquility and accessibility.
The genesis of Chatham, Illinois, dates back to 1816, a time when the allure of fertile prairie land beckoned ambitious settlers. Drawn by the promise of abundant harvests, these pioneers established their roots between the meandering Lick and Panther Creeks within Sangamon County. The landscape proved exceptionally conducive to farming, particularly the cultivation of corn. Soon, expansive fields of golden stalks dotted the area, attracting a steady influx of new families eager to participate in the burgeoning agricultural success. While the potential for prosperity was undeniable, these early inhabitants faced the inherent risks of frontier life, including the ever-present threat of Native American raids.
Among the first to carve a life out of this promising territory was John Campbell, an enterprising individual who journeyed from Tennessee to establish himself along the banks of Lick Creek. Campbell’s ingenuity was evident in his construction of an old-fashioned horse mill, a vital piece of infrastructure that served the needs of the growing community. Other pioneering figures who contributed to the early development of Chatham included Henry Brown, John Darneille, brothers Levi and Samuel Harbour, and Simon Lindley, a dedicated Baptist Minister. The establishment of the first church by the Baptists in 1821 marked a significant milestone, signifying the growing social and spiritual fabric of the settlement. A year later, in 1822, the community’s commitment to education became apparent with the establishment of a school held within a modest log cabin, where Ira McGlassen imparted knowledge to the eager young minds of the area. The development of infrastructure continued in 1828 when Johnson Hardin harnessed the power of Lick Creek to build and operate the first water-powered sawmill, further enhancing the economic viability of the fledgling village.
The formal establishment of the village of Chatham, Illinois, occurred in October 1836, thanks to the efforts of Luther N. Ransom. Ransom, a visionary individual, not only laid out the plans for the village but also constructed its first house, a humble dwelling made of logs. Despite this official founding, the initial growth of the town was gradual, unfolding over the subsequent two decades. The school, a cornerstone of any thriving community, held its classes in the newly founded village in 1837, albeit in the rather unconventional setting of Luther N. Ransom’s smokehouse. Roxana S. Lyman, a dedicated educator, took on the responsibility of teaching the students in this unique learning environment.
The early years of Chatham were intrinsically linked to the life and career of Abraham Lincoln, one of the most revered figures in American history. Many of the town’s residents found themselves intertwined with Lincoln’s path during this formative period. In 1837, a group of influential legislators from Sangamon County, including two state senators and seven representatives, successfully lobbied the General Assembly to relocate the State Capitol from Vandalia to Springfield. This group, known as the "Long Nine" due to their collective height, included Lincoln and John Dawson. Lincoln’s connections to the community extended beyond politics, as he maintained a close friendship with Reverend Josiah Porter, the minister of the Chatham Presbyterian Church. Furthermore, Dr. John Lewis of Chatham collaborated with Abraham Lincoln to survey and acquire the rights necessary to construct the railroad that would connect Springfield, via Chatham, to St. Louis, Missouri, a project of significant economic and logistical importance.
In 1838, a crucial development occurred with the establishment of a post office, facilitating communication and connecting Chatham to the wider world. Mail arrived via a stagecoach route that ran between Springfield, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri, providing a vital link for the exchange of information and goods. A more permanent educational structure was erected in 1839, a frame schoolhouse that served the village for the next 19 years. As the student population expanded, outgrowing the capacity of the original building, it was repurposed as a grocery store, demonstrating the adaptability and resourcefulness of the community.
The arrival of the Chicago, Alton, & St. Louis Railroad in 1852 marked a turning point in the fortunes of Chatham, Illinois, spurring significant growth and development. Four years later, in 1856, S.N. Fullenwider constructed the first steam-powered grist mill, a significant advancement in agricultural processing that allowed for the efficient production of flour for the local population and beyond. The community’s commitment to education remained steadfast, and in 1858, a new two-story schoolhouse was built, reflecting the increasing importance placed on learning and development.
One of Chatham‘s most notable residents was Ben F. Caldwell, who moved to the area with his family during his childhood. Caldwell’s formal education concluded at the age of 15 following the death of his father. Despite this setback, Caldwell displayed remarkable entrepreneurial spirit and became actively involved in real estate, banking, and livestock raising. He eventually amassed ownership of 1000 acres of farmland in the vicinity, a testament to his business acumen and hard work. In 1876, he commissioned the construction of a magnificent Italianate-style mansion, complete with a prominent tower, situated on Route 4 north of Chatham. Caldwell’s influence extended beyond agriculture, as he also served as a partner and President of the Bank of Chatham, which commenced operations in January 1880. His contributions to the financial sector continued with his presidency of the Farmer’s State Bank in Springfield. Caldwell’s dedication to public service led him to serve in both the Illinois House and Senate before ultimately being elected as a U.S. Representative in 1899. The 6,000-square-foot residence, along with its meticulously maintained barn, stands on five acres of land and is recognized for its historical significance with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The property remains privately owned.
By the early 1880s, Chatham boasted a thriving religious community, with three church buildings representing the Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist denominations. In addition, seven schools were located within Chatham Township, underscoring the emphasis placed on education throughout the region.
In 1895, Ben Caldwell further demonstrated his commitment to the community by funding the construction of a new school for the city of Chatham, which was appropriately named Caldwell School. This school served as a combined grade and high school until 1904 when it was tragically destroyed by fire. Undeterred, a new school was built in 1905, retaining the name Caldwell School. It continued to function as a combined school until 1938, after which it served exclusively as a grade school until 1961. Sadly, history repeated itself in 1964 when the school was once again destroyed by fire.
As the 20th century dawned, Chatham embraced progress and welcomed travelers along the iconic Route 66, providing essential services such as service stations and restaurants. As the town continued to expand, businesses gradually migrated northwards, closer to Springfield, resulting in a suburban-style sprawl characterized by strip malls and fast-food establishments.
Despite these modern developments, Chatham, Illinois, has managed to preserve glimpses of its rich past. One such reminder is the Chatham Railroad Museum, housed in the meticulously preserved 1902 depot building. In the early 1900s, the depot was a bustling hub, with 12 passenger trains passing through Chatham on a daily basis. After 70 years of dedicated service, the station was closed in 1972 following the merger of the Illinois Central and the Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroads. In 1991, the building was lovingly restored and transformed into a museum, located at 100 N. State Street, offering visitors a glimpse into the town’s railroad heritage. The older Mulberry Street business district in Chatham also features several historic buildings that evoke a sense of nostalgia and provide a tangible link to the past.
Today, Chatham, Illinois, offers the best of both worlds, combining the conveniences of the nearby city of Springfield with the unique charm and close-knit community feel of a small town. The city hosts the annual Chatham Sweet Corn Festival, a popular event that celebrates the region’s agricultural heritage, as well as the Illinois Championship Cow Chip Throw, a quirky and entertaining competition.
For travelers continuing their journey southward on IL-4 along Route 66, Auburn lies approximately four miles south of Chatham. Before reaching Auburn, travelers can look to the west for Snell Road, where Becky’s Barn is located at 5029 Snell Road. Becky’s Barn is a Route 66 snack shop, information center, and antique store situated directly off the historic 1931 1.4-mile hand-laid brick road.